The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Care of Women Experiencing Abortion in a University Hospital in Brazil / O Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no atendimento de mulheres que vivenciam o aborto em um hospital universitário no Brasil

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the care of patients with miscarriage and legal termination of pregnancy in a university hospital in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study of women admitted for abortion due to any cause at Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, between July 2017 and September 2021. Dependent variables were abortion-related complications and legal interruption of pregnancy. Independent variables were prepandemic period (until February 2020) and pandemic period (from March 2020). The Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Five-hundred sixty-one women were included, 376 during the prepandemic period and 185 in the pandemic period. Most patients during pandemic were single, without comorbidities, had unplanned pregnancy, and chose to initiate contraceptive method after hospital discharge. There was no significant tendency toward changes in the number of legal interruptions or complications. Complications were associated to failure of the contraceptive method (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-4.84), gestational age (OR 1.126; 95% CI 1.039-1.219), and preparation of the uterine cervix with misoprostol (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.01-3.96). Conclusion There were no significant differences in duration of symptoms, transportation to the hospital, or tendency of reducing the number of legal abortions and increasing complications. The patients' profile probably reflects the impact of the pandemic on family planning.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) no atendimento de pacientes com aborto espontâneo e interrupção legal da gravidez em um hospital universitário no Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres admitidas por aborto por qualquer causa no Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti da Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brasil, entre julho de 2017 e setembro de 2021. As variáveis dependentes foram complicações relacionadas ao aborto e interrupção legal da gravidez. As variáveis independentes foram período pré-pandemia (até fevereiro de 2020) e período pandêmico (a partir de março de 2020). O teste de Cochran-Armitage, teste do qui-quadrado, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão logística múltipla foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados Foram incluídas 561 mulheres, 376 no período pré-pandemia e 185 no período pandêmico. A maioria das pacientes durante a pandemia era solteira, sem comorbidades, teve gravidez não planejada e optou por iniciar método anticoncepcional após a alta hospitalar. Não houve tendência significativa para mudanças no número de interrupções legais ou complicações. As complicações foram associadas a: falha do método contraceptivo (razão de chances [RC] 2,44; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% 1,23-4,84), idade gestacional (RC 1,126; IC 95% 1,039-1,219) e preparo do colo uterino com misoprostol (RC 1,99; IC 95% 1,01-3,96). Conclusão Não houve diferenças significativas na duração dos sintomas, transporte ao hospital ou tendência de redução do número de abortos legais e aumento de complicações. O perfil das pacientes provavelmente reflete o impacto da pandemia no planejamento familiar.

Potencial antiinflamatorio del plátano Musa spp. ABB para la elaboración de fitofármacos

Los plátanos pertenecientes al género Musa spp. ABB han sido utilizados para el tratamiento de la inflamación y el dolor. La búsqueda de antiinflamatorios de origen natural, más que una alternativa, constituye una terapia complementaria del tratamiento de la inflamación, ya que los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos son los más utilizados para enfermedades inflamatorias agudas o crónicas, pero a la vez presentan efectos secundarios gastrointestinales, cardiovasculares y renales, por lo que no es recomendable su uso prolongado. En este trabajo se ofrece información actualizada sobre los efectos farmacológicos y los metabolitos secundarios del grupo Musa spp. ABB, para su uso en la elaboración de un medicamento antiinflamatorio. Los procedimientos realizados incluyen el análisis documental y bibliográfico -en bases de datos- de artículos científicos, tesis doctorales y comunicaciones científicas; el registro de la información, y la elaboración del artículo científico, teniendo en cuenta la actualización de la información y los sitios donde se promueve la misma. Se han comprobado, a partir de extractos acuosos y alcohólicos de la planta, efectos farmacológicos tales como antiinflamatorio, antioxidante, analgésico, gastroprotector, inmunomodulador, antidiabético, anticancerígeno, antibacteriano, antiviral, hipolipemiante, antidiarreico, antihipertensivo, hepatoprotector, cicatrizante, antiulceroso y antifúngico. Los efectos antiinflamatorios y antioxidantes están relacionados con la presencia de fenoles, ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides, fitoesteroles y carotenos. Es muy limitado el empleo de extractos del grupo Musa spp. ABB en medicamentos, de ahí la propuesta de desarrollar una crema antiinflamatoria como alternativa o complemento para el tratamiento de múltiples enfermedades inflamatorias.

Plantains belonging to the genus Musa spp. ABB have been used for the treatment of infection and pain. The search for anti-inflammatories of natural origins, more than an alternative, is a complementary therapy for the treatment of inflammation, since non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are the most used for acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, but at the same time they present gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal side effects, so their prolonged use is not recommended. In this paper, updated information is provided on the pharmacological effects and secondary metabolites of the Musa ssp. ABB group, for its use in elaborating an anti-inflammatory drug. The procedures carried out include documental and bibliographic analysis -in databases-of scientific articles, doctoral theses and scientific communications; the information record and preparation of the article taking into account the information updating and the sites where it is supported. From aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the plant, the following effects were proven: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, gastro-protective, inmuno-modulator, antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, lipid-lowering, antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, healing, anti-ulcerative and antifungal. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are related to the presence of phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, phytosterols and carotenes. The use of Musa spp. ABB group in drugs is very limited, therefore the proposal of developing an anti-inflammatory cream to treat multiple inflammatory diseases.

Respuesta del banano clon Valery en alta densidad a la inoculación con micorrizas y fósforo en Apartadó - Colombia

El cultivo de banano en el Urabá Antioqueño viene presentando disminución en los rendimientos, lo que exige la búsqueda de alternativas para incrementar o mantener la producción actual, entre las cuales, se encuentra el aumento en la proporción de fertilizantes inorgánicos, conllevando a sobrecostos y problemas ambientales. En vista de esta situación, se ha generado un interés por el uso de biofertilizantes, como el caso de las micorrizas (HFM), con las que se han demostrado beneficios al sistema suelo-planta. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de los HFM con la disminución de la dosis fosforada en el clon de banano Valery, en un sistema de alta densidad, bajo condiciones edafoclimáticas de Apartadó-Antioquia. Para ello, en los tratamientos, al momento de la siembra, se realizaron inoculaciones de 100 g de HFM comercial con 5 dosis de fósforo, que correspondieron a: 0, 25, 50, 75 y 100 kg*ha-1. Se midieron variables morfológicas, rendimiento y simbiosis micorrízica. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con 3 repeticiones; cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida por 10 plantas contenidas en 5 sitios. La información se procesó con el programa estadístico SAS 9.1, se obtuvo el análisis de varianza y una prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey), con un nivel de significancia del 95 %. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables morfológicas, pero sí en las variables productivas, siendo el tratamiento HFM + 50 kg P2O5*ha-1 el de mejor resultado y, además, presentó el mayor porcentaje de colonización micorrízica, con 59,5 %.

The banana crop in Uraba Antioqueño has been presenting a decrease in the yields, which requires the search for alternatives to increase or maintain current production, among which is the increase in the proportion of inorganic fertilizers leading to cost overruns and environmental problems. In view of this situation, there has been a growing interest in the use of biofertilizers such as mycorrhiza (HFM) with which multiple benefits to the soil-plant system have been demonstrated. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of HFM with the reduction of phosphorus dose in the Valery banana clone under a high-density system under edaphoclimatic conditions of Apartado-Antioquia. For this purpose, 100 g of commercial HFM were inoculated with 5 doses of phosphorus at time of sowing, corresponding to: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg*ha-1. Morphological variables, performance and mycorrhizal symbiosis were measured. The experimental design was completely random with 3 repetitions, each experimental unit was made up of 10 plants contained in 5 sites. The information was processed with the statistical program SAS 9.1, variance analysis was obtained and a mean comparison test (Tukey) with a significance level of 95 %. No significant differences were found in the morphological variables, but in the productive variables, the HFM + 50 Kg P2O5*ha-1 treatment was the best and also presented the highest percentage of mycorrhizal colonization with 59.5 %.

In vitro Susceptibility Studies of the Extract, Fraction and Cream Formulation of the Leaf of Musa paradisiaca Linn against Known Dermatophytes

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro susceptibility of known dermatophytes to Musa paradisiaca leaf extract. Methodology: The antifungal activity of the methanol extract, aqueous fraction and cream formulation of Musa paradisiaca leaf was established by agar well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution and broth macrodilution methods respectively. Results: Results obtained show that all the test organisms had varying degrees of susceptibility which is comparable to that of a standard drug, ketoconazole. Microsporum audounii exhibited the lowest MIC of 25 mg/mL for the aqueous fraction and 50 mg/mL for the cream formulation. The MFC/MIC ratio determined indicates the fungicidal potential of the plant. Conclusion: The in vitro susceptibility of M. paradisiaca leaf extract to known dermatophytes is an indication of the possible use of the leaf as a potential for the treatment of skin infections due to the tested organisms.

In vitro bacterial adherence on teeth submitted to whitening with musa paradisiaca / Adherencia bacteriana in vitro en dientes sometidos a blanqueamiento con musa paradisiaca

Objetive: To compare in vitro bacterial adherence on teeth submitted to whitening with 50% ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Material and Methods: The study was experimental and used 18 premolars that were grouped into: G1 (control), G2 (50% ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca) and G3 (35% hydrogen peroxide). The teeth were then exposed to a Streptococcus mutans culture for 24 hours, followed by centrifugation in thioglycolate broth. A culture on trypticase soy agar was done with a 1 in 100 dilution, and after 48 hours colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test, complemented by the Bonferroni post-hoc. Results: Bacterial adherence was 77x105 CFU/ml in Group 3 using 35% hydrogen peroxide, 40x105 CFU/ml in Group 2 using 50% ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca, and 89x104 CFU/ml in Group 1 (control). The difference between the three groups was significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: Both whitening methods cause bacterial adherence to the tooth surface, although to a lower degree with Musa paradisiaca.eses.

Objetivo: Comparar la adherencia bacteriana in vitro en dientes sometidos a blanqueamiento con extracto etanólico de Musa paradisiaca al 50% y con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35%. Material y Métodos: Comparar la adherencia bacteriana in vitro en dientes sometidos a blanqueamiento con extracto etanólico de Musa paradisiaca al 50% y con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35%.Resultados: La adherencia bacteriana fue de 77x105 UFC/ml con el peróxido de hidrógeno al 35%, de 40x105 UFC/ml con el extracto etanólico de Musa paradisiaca al 50% y de 89x104 UFC/ml con el control. La diferencia fue significativa entre los tres grupos (p=0.000). Conclusión: Ambos métodos de blanqueamiento causan adherencia bacteriana en la superficie dental, siendo menor con Musa paradisiaca.

An allometric model to estimate total leaf area of banana plants of the cultivar Vitória (AAAB) / Um modelo alométrico para estimativa da área foliar total de bananeiras da cultivar Vitória (AAAB)

The plants physiological processes such as transpiration and photosynthetic efficiency are directly related to leaf area, which is difficult to quantify in a nondestructive manner. To generate a model to estimate the total leaf area of plants of banana cv. Vitória, simple and multiple linear regressions utilizing the length and width of the third leaf, the product of length and width of the third leaf, and the total number of leaves of 'Vitória' plants, were tested. The data to develop the model were obtained from 'Vitória' banana plants from different edafoclimatic conditions and management. The best performance of the model was obtained using stepwise multiple regression with r2=0.93 and r2= 0.94. Validation of the model resulted in an r2 of 0.74.

Processos fisiológicos das plantas como transpiração e eficiência fotossintética estão diretamente relacionados à área foliar, a qual é difícil quantificar de forma não destrutiva. Para gerar um modelo para estimar a área foliar total de plantas da cv. Vitória, foram testadas regressões lineares simples e múltiplas utilizando comprimento e largura da terceira folha, o produto comprimento e largura da terceira folha e número total de folhas. Os dados para desenvolver o modelo foram obtidos de cultivos com diferentes condições edafoclimáticas e de manejo. O melhor modelo foi obtido por meio de regressão múltipla stepwise com r2 = 0,93 e r2 = 0,94. A validação do modelo resultou em r2 de 0,74.

El compostaje de cáscara de Musa paradisiaca L. para la producción de biogás y biometano como estrategia de preservación de la salud ambiental / Musa paradisiaca L. husk composting for biogas and biomethane production as a strategy for preserving environmental health

A medida que a se avanza en el siglo XXI, los sistemas de energía deben alejarse de los combustibles fósiles y aumentar la capacidad de las energías renovables si se quieren cumplir los objetivos de temperaturas máximas del Acuerdo de París. Sin embargo, debido a los desafíos en la adopción de tecnologías bajas en carbono, ciertas áreas de los sistemas energéticos globales son difíciles de controlar y descarburar. Por otra parte, el compostaje es una de las prácticas de gestión de residuos orgánicos más importantes que se puede utilizar para lograr la sostenibilidad del suelo y del medio ambiente. El compost tiene un mínimo impacto en algunas emisiones, y puede ayudar a controlar la huella de carbono y limitar los efectos ambientales negativos de los métodos de eliminación de desechos más deficientes. La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la calidad de producir biogás y biometano a partir de la cáscara de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.). Metodológicamente se desarrolló una investigación aplicada, con nivel de investigación de tipo experimental. Las cáscaras de plátano se colectaron de la planta de compostaje de la Municipalidad Provincial de Leoncio Prado, Perú. De la muestra se prepararon cinco sub muestras para la producción de biogás y cinco muestras adicionales para la producción de biometano. Los sistemas mostraron una producción de 0,067 m3 BG/Kg ST de biogás y 0,059 m3CH4/Kg ST de biometano, que generó subproductos como el biol y biosol. Estos resultados presentaron una baja toxicidad al ser sometidos a pruebas germinativas, concluyéndose que solo el 11,5% de la cáscara introducida al biorreactor se degrado y de esta fracción solo el 2,8% se convirtió en biogás(AU)

As progress is being made in the 21st century, energy systems must move away from fossil fuels and increase the capacity of renewable energies if you want to meet the maximum temperatures objectives of the Paris Agreement. However, due to the challenges in the adoption of low carbon technologies, certain areas of global energy systems are difficult to control and decarbure. On the other hand, composting is one of the most important organic waste management practices that can be used to achieve soil and environmental sustainability. The compost has a minimum impact on some emissions, and can help control the carbon footprint and limit the negative environmental effects of the most deficient waste removal methods. The research aimed to determine the quality of producing biogas and biomethane from the banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.). Methodologically, an applied investigation was developed, with experimental research level. The banana peels were collected from the composting plant of the Provincial Municipality of Leoncio Prado, Peru. From the sample, five sub samples were prepared for the production of biogas and five additional samples for biomethane production. The systems showed a production of 0.067 m3 bg/kg ST of biogas and 0.059 m3ch4/kg ST of biomethane, which generated by -products such as biol and biosol. These results presented a low toxicity when they were subjected to germinative evidence, concluding that only 11.5% of the shell introduced into the bioreactor was degraded and of this fraction only 2.8% became biogas(AU)

Riesgo patogénico por Aspergillus fumigatus en la producción de compost de Musa paradisiaca / Pathogenic risk by Aspergillus fumigatus in the compost production of Musa paradisiaca

Aspergillus fumigatus es un hongo con características de saprofito que crece en las partes muertas y en descomposición de la materia orgánica. La presencia de terapias inmunosupresoras o de antifúngicos pueden convertirlo en un patógeno fúngico oportunista causante de enfermedades como aspergilosis pulmonar crónica (CPA), aspergilosis invasiva aguda y síndrome de alergias. Pacientes que sufren de enfermedad pulmonar severa como la pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar aspergilosis pulmonar crónica y aspergilosis pulmonar necrosante crónica (CNPA) que pueden causar crecimiento de hongos en los tejidos dañados. Por otro lado, una de las fuentes más comunes de estos hongos son la generación de compost. Estos fertilizantes orgánicos no dañan al medio ambiente y podrían resultar una estrategia eficaz para salvaguardar el medio ambiente. El compost orgánico promueve el suelo con mejor capacidad de retención de agua y resistencia a la sequía. Entre los residuos agrícolas postcosecha más comunes utilizados en la formación de compost, se pueden mencionar a las cáscaras de yuca, de maní, de frutas y verduras, desechos de cervecería, cascarilla de cacao, cascarilla de cola, maíz, conchas de plátano (Musa paradisiaca). Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la calidad del compost producido a partir de la cáscara de plátano con el fin de aprovechar hasta un 70% de su biomasa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Leoncio Prado, Perú. Los resultados mostraron que la la degradación aerobia de la cáscara de M. paradisiaca generó emisiones de CO2 (88,61%), así como compost (6,57 %) y lixiviados (4,82 %). Sin embargo, los efectos fitotóxicos usando el índice de germinación mostraron una inhibición completa de las semillas probadas posiblemente debido al gran contenido de minerales (alto contenido de salinidad del compost y lixiviado), presencia de metales pesados, compuestos orgánicos presentes, o la presencia de hongos tales como el A. fumigatus(AU)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus that grows on dead and decomposing parts of organic matter. The presence of immunosuppressive or antifungal therapies can make it an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing diseases such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), acute invasive aspergillosis, and allergy syndrome. Patients suffering from severe lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of developing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) which can cause fungal growth in damaged tissues. On the other hand, one of the most common sources of these fungi is the generation of compost. These organic fertilizers do not harm the environment and could be an effective strategy to safeguard the environment. Organic compost promotes soil with better water holding capacity and drought resistance. Among the most common postharvest agricultural residues used in the formation of compost, we can mention cassava shells, peanut shells, fruit and vegetable shells, brewery waste, cocoa shells, tail shells, corn, banana shells (Musa paradisiaca). The objective of this research was to determine the quality of the compost produced from the banana peel in order to take advantage of up to 70% of its biomass in the Provincial Municipality of Leoncio Prado, Peru. The results showed that the aerobic degradation of the shell of M. paradisiaca generated CO2 emissions (88.61%), as well as compost (6.57%) and leachates (4.82%). However, the phytotoxic effects using the germination index showed a complete inhibition of the tested seeds, possibly due to the high mineral content (high salinity content of the compost and leachate), the presence of heavy metals, organic compounds present, or the presence of fungi such as A. fumigatus(AU)

Factors Associated with Abortion Complications after the Implementation of a Surveillance Network (MUSA Network) in a University Hospital / Fatores associados a complicações do aborto após a implementação de um sistema de vigilância (Rede MUSA) em um hospital universitário

Abstract Objective To evaluate the factors associated with abortion complications following the implementation of the good-practice surveillance network Mujeres en Situación de Aborto (Women Undergoing Abortion, MUSA, in Spanish). Methods A cross-sectional study withwomen who underwent abortion due to any cause and in any age group at UNICAMP Women's Hospital (part of MUSA network), Campinas, Brazil, between July 2017 and Agust 2019. The dependent variable was the presence of any abortion-related complications during hospitalization. The independent variables were clinical and sociodemographic data. The Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results Overall, 305 women were enrolled (mean±standard deviation [SD] for age: 29.79±7.54 years). The mean gestational age was 11.17 (±3.63) weeks. Accidental pregnancy occurred in 196 (64.5%) cases, 91 (29.8%) due to contraception failure. At least 1 complication was observed in 23 (7.54%) women, and 8 (34.8%) of them had more than 1. The most frequent complications were excessive bleeding and infection. The factors independently associated with a higher prevalence of complications were higher gestational ages (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.09 to 1.37) and contraceptive failure (OR: 3.4; 95%CI: 1.32 to 8.71). Conclusion Higher gestational age and contraceptive failure were associated with a higher prevalence of complications. This information obtained through the surveillance network can be used to improve care, particularly in women more susceptible to unfavorable outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados às complicações em casos de aborto após a implementação da rede de vigilância de boas práticas Mujeres en Situación de Aborto (Mulheres em Situação de Aborto, MUSA, em espanhol). Métodos Um estudo transversal, com mulheres admitidas por aborto de qualquer causa e em qualquer faixa etária, no Hospital da Mulher da UNICAMP (parte da rede MUSA), Campinas, Brasil, entre julho de 2017 e agosto de 2019. A variável dependente foi a presença de qualquer complicação relacionada ao quadro de aborto durante a hospitalização. As variáveis independentes foram dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. O teste de qui-quadrado, o teste de Mann-Whitney, e a regressão logística múltipla foram usados na análise estatística. Resultados Foram incluídas 305 mulheres (média±desvio padrão [DP] da idade: 29,79±7,54 anos). A idade gestacional média foi de 11,17 (±3,63) semanas. A gravidez não foi planejada em 196 (64,5%) casos, 91 (29,8%) devido a falha de contraceptivo. Pelo menos 1 complicação foi observada em 23 (7,64%) mulheres, 8 (34,8%) das quais apresentaram mais de uma complicação. As complicações mais frequentes foram sangramento excessivo e infecção. Os fatores independentemente associados à maior prevalência de complicações foram idades gestacionais maiores (razão de chances [OR]: 1.22; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1.09 a 1.37) e falha de contraceptivo (OR: 3.4; IC95%: 1.32 a 8.71). Conclusão Maior idade gestacional e falha de contraceptivo estiveram associados à maior prevalência de complicações. As informações obtidas pela rede de vigilância podem ser usadas para melhorar o cuidado, particularmente nas mulheres mais suscetíveis a desfechos desfavoráveis.

Identification of a thaumatin-like protein as a new allergen in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) with cross-reactivity with banana (Musa acuminata) / Identificação de uma proteína semelhante à taumatina como um novo alérgeno no caqui (Diospyros kaki) com reatividade cruzada com a banana (Musa acuminata)

Allergy to persimmon (Diospyros kaki ) has been only rarely reported. The antigenic composition of the fruit is not entirely known. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) have been described as allergens in pollens and various fruits, such as kiwi and banana, but not in persimmon. We report the case of a 22-year-old man, with persistent moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, sensitized to house dust mites. The patient describes an episode of oral mucosa and ear canal pruritus, followed by diffuse urticaria, which rapidly evolved to dysphonia, dyspnea, and dizziness, after eating raw persimmon. A few months later he developed similar cutaneous symptoms accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, and hypotension immediately after the intake of banana. The prick-prick test with raw persimmon and banana were positive, as well as the serum specific IgE to the extract of these fruits. The ImmunoCAP ISAC_112i test demonstrated a positive specific IgE against Act d 2 (kiwi thaumatin), which is homologous to banana TLP (Mus a 4). Serum IgE inhibition test with "sponge" of Diospyros kaki ImmunoCAP (f301) showed partial inhibition (40%) of IgE to Act d 2. This raises the suspicion that a TLP is at least partially responsible for the referred sensitization. This patient is sensitized to Diospyros kaki and Musa acuminata. An anaphylactic reaction to consumed persimmon, presumably as a result from cross-allergy with banana thaumatin was diagnosed in our patient. Thaumatin has not been previously described as an allergen of persimmon with cross-reactivity with banana, and in vitro with Act d 2 (kiwi TLP).

A alergia ao caqui (Diospyros kaki ) tem sido raramente documentada, não sendo a composição antigênica da fruta totalmente conhecida. Proteínas semelhantes à taumatina (TLPs) foram descritas como alergênicos em pólens e várias frutas, como no kiwi e banana, mas não no caqui. Apresenta-se o caso de um doente de 22 anos, com rinite alérgica persistente moderadagrave, sensibilizado a ácaros do pó doméstico. O doente refere episódio de prurido na mucosa oral e canal auditivo, seguido de urticária generalizada, que rapidamente evoluiu para disfonia, dispneia e tontura, após ingestão de caqui. Poucos meses depois, desenvolveu sintomas cutâneos semelhantes, acompanhados de náuseas, vómitos, cólica abdominal e hipotensão imediatamente após ingestão de uma banana. O teste cutâneo por picada com caqui e banana em natureza foram positivos, bem como o doseamento de IgE específica. O teste ImmunoCAP ISAC_112i identificou a presença de IgE específica para Act d 2 (taumatina do kiwi), homóloga da TLP da banana (Mus a 4). O estudo de inibição ImmunoCAP ISAC com "esponja" de Diospyros kaki (f301) produziu uma inibição parcial (40%) da ligação de IgE a Act d 2, permitindo presumir que uma proteína semelhante à taumatina é, pelo menos, parcialmente responsável pela referida sensibilização. Este doente encontra-se sensibilizado a Diospyros kaki e Musa acuminata. Uma anafilaxia ao caqui ingerido, presumivelmente resultante de reatividade cruzada com a taumatina da banana foi diagnosticada. Não estão descritas na literatura TLPs como alergênicos do caqui com reatividade cruzada com a banana e com Act d 2 in vitro (TLP do kiwi).

Antidiabetic potential and high synergistic antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised with Musa Paradisiaca tepal extract

@#This work investigates the Musa Paradisiaca plant and its tepal extracts. The research findings show that the tepal extracts of M. Paradisiaca contain high phytochemical activity. Hence we can conclude that these plants have a number of beneficial properties. Phytochemical analysis concludes that the plant is rich in flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and phytosterol. In the current work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have revealed the antioxidant properties of M. Paradisiaca. The results show that the methanolic extracts of these tepals exhibit antioxidant potential and are also sources of natural antioxidant compounds, though comparatively, AgNPs have shown the best antioxidant activity. This work investigates the link between the ethnopharmacological statements and the bioactive constituents found in M. Paradisiaca toward all probable markers for cervical cancer via in vivo studies and molecular docking, to form a pharmacophore setting for the active target. However, most of the mechanisms of action of herbal medicines are not in total agreement, and the information collected from their traditional remedies over the years must not be neglected. Hence, it is sensible to investigate the options available in herbal medicine for cancer progression. Biosynthesised AgNPs are principally spherical and nanosized. It was also found that tepalmediated AgNPs exhibit excellent antimicrobial efficacy against tested human pathogens. This green method can be used as a better alternative source than the chemical fabrication of nanomaterials and the biosynthesised nanoparticles can be used in antibacterial medicines. The methanolictepal extract of M. Paradisiaca with AgNPs displayed proficient antidiabetic properties in the diabetes rat model and so could have a possible development for medical use in the future

Actividad cicatrizante de seis extractos hidroalcohólicos de plantas en heridas incisas de Rattus norvegicus albinus / Healing activity of six hydroalcoholic extracts of plants in incised wounds of Rattus norvegicus albinus

Introducción: En la medicina militar, los agentes cicatrizantes naturales frente a heridas por incisión son relevantes en el tratamiento de los militares. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad cicatrizante de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de Peperomia congona Sodiro (congona), Annona muricata L. (guanábana), Urtica urens L. (ortiga),Ormosia coccinea (Aubl) Jacks (huayruro), Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill. (tuna) y Musa acuminata Colla (plátano bellaco) en heridas incisas de Rattus norvegicus albinus (rata albina). Métodos: Estudio analítico experimental de tipo prospectivo y longitudinal. Se realizó el análisis fitoquímico preliminar de los 6 extractos. Se emplearon 80 ratas albinas machos, aleatorizadas y distribuidas en 8 grupos (n = 10). Se realizó una aplicación dermal durante 10 días consecutivos posteriores a la generación de heridas incisas que se realizaron en el dorso. Grupo I (cloruro de sodio al 0,9 por ciento). Grupo II (gel cicatrizante comercial). Del Grupo III al VIII fueron tratados con extracto hidroalcohólico de congona, guanábana, ortiga, huairuro, tuna y plátano bellaco respectivamente. La evolución de la cicatrización fue seguida en los días 1, 5 y 11 y medida en milímetros. Resultados: Se detectó la presencia de alcaloides, compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides en los 6 extractos; además de cumarinas en congona, taninos en guanábana, ortiga, tuna y huayruro, y quinonas en guanábana y plátano bellaco. Se comprobó la actividad cicatrizante en los extractos de guanábana (69,77 por ciento), tuna (66,27 por ciento), plátano bellaco (64,38 por ciento), ortiga (56,73 por ciento), congona (55,74 por ciento) y huayruro (54,50 por ciento), comparados con un gel comercial (72,21 por ciento). Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Annona muricata L. (guanábana) presentó la mayor actividad cicatrizante en heridas incisas de ratas albinas machos(AU)

Introduction: In military medicine, natural healing agents against incision wounds are relevant in the treatment of the military. Objective: To evaluate the healing activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Peperomia congona Sodiro (congona), Annona muricata L. (guanabana), Urtica urens L. (ortiga), Ormosia coccinea (Aubl) Jacks (huairuro), Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill. (tuna) and Musa acuminata Colla (platano bellaco) in incised wounds of Rattus norvegicus albinus (albino rat). Methods: Experimental analytical study of prospective and longitudinal type. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the 6 extracts was carried out. We used 80 male albino rats, randomized and distributed in 8 groups (n = 10). A dermal application was made during 10 consecutive days after the generation of incised wounds that were made on the back. Group I (0.9 percent sodium chloride). Group II (commercial healing gel). From Group III to VIII they were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of congona, guanábana, ortiga, huairuro, tuna and platano bellaco respectively. The evolution of healing was followed on days 1, 5 and 11 and measured in millimeters. Results: The presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids was detected in the 6 extracts; in addition to coumarins in congona, tannins in guanábana, nettle, tuna and huayruro, quinonas in guanábana and plantain bellaco. The healing activity was verified in the extracts of guanabana (69.77 percent), tuna (66.27 percent), platano bellaco (64.38 percent), ortiga (56.73 percent), congona (55.74 percent) and huayruro (54.50 percent), compared with a commercial gel (72.21 percent). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Annona muricata L. (guanábana) showed the highest healing activity in incised wounds of male albino rats(AU)

Comparative Study on Nutritional Composition of Six Musa acuminata Pulp Varieties Available in Zaria, Nigeria

Banana is one of the most widely distributed and consumed fruit in tropical and subtropical countries. In this study, six Musa acuminata varieties locally available in Zaria, Nigeria,were evaluated to determine their nutritional composition. Results from proximate composition demonstrated that lipid content was profoundly (p<0.05) lower in Musa acuminata Red, calorie value was statistically (p<0.05) lower in Musa acuminataAAB (Omini white) compared to all other species analyzed. Amino acid analysis indicated that histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the M. acuminataRed compared to other varieties in this study. Vitamin study showed that Musa acuminata Red had significant (p<0.05) higher contents of vitamins A, B3, C and E but significantly (p<0.05) lower in B1. Vitamin B1was significantly (p<0.05) higher in M. acuminata AAA (Saro), while M. acuminata AAB (Omini white) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Vitamin A. Mineral analysis showed that Musa acuminata Red was statistical (p<0.05) higher in potassium, iron, magnesium, calcium in comparison to other varieties of Musa acuminatapulp analyzed. In conclusion, high nutrient composition of Musa acuminata Red may be more advantageous over other varieties for use as functional food

Diagnóstico de la fertilidad de los suelos de cuatro municipios de Cundinamarca (Colombia) para la producción de plátano / Diagnostics of soil fertility in four municipalities of Cundinamarca (Colombia) employed for cooking banana production

RESUMEN Para lograr rendimientos óptimos en la producción de plátano, se debe tener en cuenta la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el suelo, para así ajustar planes de fertilización adecuados. Con el fin de contribuir al estudio de la fertilidad de suelos cultivados con plátano en el departamento de Cundinamarca-Colombia, se realizó una caracterización química de suelos, en cuatro de los principales municipios productores. Se visitaron 146 fincas, ubicadas en Viotá, La Vega, La Palma y Chaguaní, donde se tomaron muestras de suelo, para análisis químico. Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de frecuencias, correlación lineal de Pearson y componentes principales, realizando, finalmente, una comparación de medias entre los cuatro municipios. Se observaron niveles bajos de P, S y Mg, medios de K, Ca y B, así como altas concentraciones de Zn, que pueden llegar a ser tóxicas para el cultivo de plátano. Por otro lado, las variables se agruparon en cuatro componentes asociados a: la capa de cambio del suelo, la reacción del suelo, la salinidad y la relación entre el P y Zn. Suelos de los municipios de La Vega y La Palma no presentaron variación en la capa de cambio y la reacción del suelo, caso contrario al observado en suelos de Viotá y Chaguaní. Entre suelos de los municipios, se presentaron diferencias significativas para las propiedades materia orgánica, Ca y Mg, así como desbalances catiónicos y pH fuertemente ácidos.

ABSTRACT To achieve optimum yields in plantain production, appropriate fertilization plans must be adjusted, for which the availability of nutrients in the soil must be taken into account. In order to contribute to the study of the fertility of soils cultivated with cooking banana in the province of Cundinamarca - Colombia, a chemical characterization of soils was carried out in four of the main producing municipalities. 146 farms located in Viotá, La Vega, La Palma and Chaguaní, were visited, and soil samples were taken for chemical analysis. The results obtained were subjected to a frequency analysis, Pearson's linear correlation and main components; finally making a comparison of means between the four municipalities. Low levels of P, S and Mg, medium of K, Ca and B were observed, as well as high concentrations of Zn that can be toxic for the plantain crop. On the other hand, the variables were grouped into four components associated with: the soil change layer, the soil reaction, the salinity and the relationship between P and Zn. Soils of the municipalities of La Vega and La Palma did not show variation in the change layer and soil reaction, contrary to that observed in Viotá and Chaguaní soils. Among the soils of the municipalities, there were significant differences for the properties of organic matter, Ca and Mg as well as cationic imbalances and strongly acidic pH.

El plátano: indicador de hambre y escasez de alimentos en familias beneficiarias de programas alimentarios en Vigía del Fuerte, Colombia / Plantain: indicator of hunger and food shortage in families benefiting from food programs in Vigia del Fuerte, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Interpretar la percepción de hambre y escasez de alimentos en familias beneficiarias de Programas alimentarios MANA (Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia) en Vigía del Fuerte. Método La investigación se orientó desde el enfoque cualitativo, usando la Etnografía Focalizada como método, para la recolección de la información se utilizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión. Resultados Las comunidades de la cuenca del río Murrí están protegidas del hambre física por la disponibilidad permanente del plátano; el hambre está asociada a la ausencia de carne o "liga" y al hecho de comer "plátano vacío"; así mismo se refieren al hambre como la sensación de desasosiego, debido al dolor de cabeza y de estómago que experimentan de manera permanente e intensa. Conclusiones A pesar de que las comunidades vigieñas disponen durante todo el tiempo de plátano, protegiéndolas del hambre física; estas no lo aprecian así, como alimento que calma su hambre y los libera, de cierta manera, de la escasez, porque su presencia como único alimento disponible, les recuerda, precisamente, que tienen carencia y hambre.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the perception of hunger and food shortage in families benefiting from MANA (Food and Nutritional Improvement) food programs in Vigía del Fuerte, Colombia. Methods Qualitative research, using focused ethnography as a method for collecting information. Individual interviews and discussion groups were used. Results Even though the communities that live by the Murrí River basin are protected from physical hunger due to the constant availability of plantain or musa, hunger is associated with the absence of meat or liga and the fact that they feel forced to eat empty musa. They also refer to hunger as the feeling of uneasiness caused by headache and stomachache. Conclusions Despite the fact that the communities of Vigía del Fuerte have access to plantain throughout the year, thus protecting them from physical hunger, they do not consider it as food that could calm their hunger and free them from scarcity. This happens because its presence as the only food available reminds them, precisely, that they lack certain conditions and feel hunger.(AU)

El helado elaborado de musa paradisíaca y probióticos mejora los niveles séricos de calcio, hierro y potasio en una población infantil / Ice cream prepared with musa paradisiaca and probiotic improves the serum levels of calcium, iron and potassium in a children population

La desnutrición afecta la sociedad, principalmente a niños de recursos limitados, siendo los bajos niveles de minerales su consecuencia directa. Se desarrolló una investigación explicativa, con diseño experimental para evaluar la efectividad del consumo de un helado a base de Musa paradisiaca suplementado con probióticos en una población infantil de Cúcuta-Colombia. De una población de 238 escolares, 33 niños de 4 a 6 años tuvieron déficit séricos de Ca, Fe y K y se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Durante 60 días se les suministró diariamente el helado prueba al Grupo A y al Grupo B un helado placebo, registrándose peso, talla, niveles séricos de Ca, Fe y K antes, durante y después del suministro. Incrementaron significativamente (p = 0,01) los niveles de hierro y calcio en el Grupo A; mientras en el Grupo B permanecieron sin cambios. En ambos grupos aumentaron significativamente los niveles de potasio (p<0.05), con (p = 0.01) en el Grupo A. El peso corporal y talla de los niños evidenció un cambio significativo dentro de cada grupo (p < 0,05), aunque, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos luego de la intervención. El consumo del helado a base de plátano suplementado con probióticos representa una alternativa para el abordaje del déficit de minerales en la población infantil(AU)

Malnutrition affects society, mainly children with limited resources, with low levels of minerals being the direct consequence. An explanatory research was developed, with experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the consumption of an ice cream of Musa paradisiaca supplemented with probiotics in a child population of Cúcuta-Colombia. From 238 schoolchildren, a sample of 33 children aged 4 to 6 years with serum deficits of Ca, Fe and K participated and they were randomly divided into two groups. For 60 days the ice cream was supplied to Group A and Group B a placebo ice cream, registering weight, height, serum levels of Ca, Fe and K before, during and after the ice cream administration. There was a significant increase (p = 0.01) in the iron and calcium levels in Group A; with no significant changes for Group B. In both groups potassium was significantly increased (p <0.05). The body weight and height of the children was increased although there were no differences (p>0.05) between both groups. The consumption of banana-based ice cream supplemented with probiotics represents an alternative to address the deficit of minerals in children(AU)

Simulating stress condition through compaction in banana plant cultivated In vitro / Mulação de estresse por compactação em bananeiras cultivadas In vitro

Banana cultivation is an agricultural activity practiced in different regions and constantly subjected to abiotic stresses that limit its productivity. To treat the effect of these stresses research can be undertake by simulating them in vitro since it limit the effect of the external factor in the experiment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to simulate the compaction in banana plant cultivated in vitro using Phytagel. To realize the experiment, we used MS culture medium with two distinct consistency added in the testing tubes. In the bottom part was added 10 mL of culture medium with consistency of jellification: 1.8, 2.8, 3.8, 4.8 and 5.8 g L-1 of Phytagel. Over this culture medium was added 5mL of half MS with consistency standard 1.8 g L-1 of Phytagel. Posteriorly, the planting materials from cultivar Grand Naine, BRS Vitória and BRS Princesa were inoculated in the growth medium. After 30 days of culture the plant materials were submitted for agronomic and physiological evaluation. The result showed non-significant difference among the compaction factors on physiological parameters however variety Grand Naine presents better performance in this character. Besides variety Grand Naine increased the rate of photosynthesis under compaction. This behaviour probably occurred due to overcoming the effect of stress by the variety. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cultivar Grand Naine is superior to cultivars BRS Vitória and BRS Princesa since it produces superior performance on rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration under simulated compaction conditions that favor the accumulation of plant biomass.

A bananicultura é uma atividade agrícola difundida em diferentes áreas e constantemente sujeita a estresses abióticos, os quais limitam sua produtividade. Para sanar o efeito dos estresses abióticos pesquisas podem ser simuladas in vitro, pois devido à característica de ambiente controlado pode proporcionar efeito puro do fator de estresse. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi simular a compactação em bananeiras cultivadas in vitro mediante o uso de Phytagel. Para instalação do experimento utilizou-se o meio de cultura MS em duas consistências distintas, adicionadas a tubos de ensaios. Na parte inferior desses, adicionou-se 10 mL do meio de cultura com distintas consistências de geleificação: 1,8; 2,8; 3,8; 4,8 e 5,8 g L-1 de Phytagel. Sobre este meio de cultura foi adicionado mais 5 mL de meio MS, mas na consistência padrão de 1,8 g L-1 de Phytagel. Posteriormente foram inoculados propágulos das cultivares Grand Naine, BRS Vitória e BRS Princesa. Aos 30 dias de cultivo o material vegetal foi submetido a avaliações fitotécnicas e fisiológicas. Observa-se que as variáveis fitotécnicas não foram significativas para o fator compactação e que a cultivar Grand Naine obteve maior desempenho nessa característica. Observa-se também que a cultivar Grand Naine aumenta sua taxa fotossintética mediante a compactação. Esse comportamento provavelmente ocorre visando a superação desse estresse e explica porque as variáveis fitotecnicas não são comprometidas. Portanto, conclui-se que a cultivar Grand Naine é superior as cultivares BRS Vitória e BRS Princesa, porque mediante a simulação de compactação apresenta superioridade em taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática e transpiração, favorecendo o acumulo de biomassa vegetal.

Cryopreservation of banana's cv Grand Naine in vitro rhizomes

ABSTRACT The preservation of banana genetic material is usually performed through seedlings. However, most banana cultivars do not produce seed and are propagated vegetatively. Therefore, cryopreservation is a feasible technique that allows the preservation of banana genotypes indefinitely. For the success of cryopreservation protocols, the selection of cryoprotectants and pre-freezing techniques are important factor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of different cryoprotectants with and without 1% phloroglucinol and pre-cooling periods on the development of a protocol for cryopreservation of in vitro rhizomes ofMusa accuminata(AAA) cv Grand Naine banana. The addition of 1% phloroglucinol to the cryoprotective solutions, such as PVS2 enhanced recovery of cryopreserved banana rhizomes. In addition, pre-cooling of explants in ice for 3 hours in PVS2 + 1% of phloroglucinol allowed efficient cryopreservation of banana rhizomes, followed by successful recovery and regeneration of in vitro shoots of banana cv Grand Naine.

Physicochemical characterization of banana fruit by univariate and multivariate procedures / Caracterização físico-química de frutos de bananeira por procedimentos uni e multivariados

Breeding genotypes need to be characterized and evaluated in different soil and climatic conditions. There are few studies on association between characters evaluated and their contribution to banana genetic diversity, being essential to guide genetic breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characters of banana genotypes, to estimate associations between characters, to determine the relative importance of characters to study on genetic dissimilarity, and to indicate new genotypes to coastal plain region of Sergipe. Fruits from thirteen genotypes were used: Prata (FHIA-18, BRS Platina, PV94-01, BRS Garantida, YB42-47, Pacovan, and Prata Anã), Maçã (BRS Princesa, BRS Tropical, and Maçã), Ibota (Caipira), Gros Michel (Bucaneiro), and Mysore (Thap Maeo). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with thirteen genotypes and three replications. There is physicochemical variability of fruits between genotypes of same genomic group and subgroup, and between hybrids originated from same progenitor. Content of total sugars has greater contribution to genetic diversity among the genotypes, followed by fruit mass and pulp mass, and starch content in two cycles. Associations between fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit mass and pulp mass in two production cycles based on phenotypic correlation are highly significant. Hybrids FHIA-18, PA94-01, YB42-47, and BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, and Bucaneiro cultivars are promising for recommendation on coastal plain regions.

Genótipos melhorados necessitam ser caracterizados e avaliados em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Existem poucos estudos sobre a associação entre os caracteres avaliados e sua contribuição para a diversidade genética da banana, sendo imprescindíveis para orientar programas de melhoramento genético. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os caracteres físico-químicos de frutos de genótipos de bananeira, estimar as associações entre caracteres, determinar a importância relativa dos caracteres para o estudo da dissimilaridade genética e indicar novos genótipos para a região de Tabuleiros Costeiros de Sergipe. Foram utilizados frutos de treze genótipos: tipo Prata (FHIA-18, BRS Platina, PV94-01, BRS Garantida, YB42-47, Pacovan e Prata-Anã), Maçã (BRS Princesa, BRS Tropical e Maçã), Ibota (Caipira), Gros Michel (Bucaneiro) e o Mysore (Thap Maeo). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com treze genótipos e três repetições. Existe variabilidade físico-química dos frutos entre os genótipos do mesmo grupo genômico e subgrupo, e entre híbridos originados da mesma genitora. O teor de açúcares totais apresenta maior contribuição para a diversidade genética entre os genótipos, seguido da massa do fruto com e sem casca e teor de amido nos dois ciclos. As associações entre comprimento do fruto, o diâmetro, massa do fruto e da polpa nos dois ciclos de produção com base na correlação fenotípica são altamente significativas. Os híbridos FHIA-18, PA94-01, YB42-47 e as cultivares BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa e Bucaneiro são promissores para recomendação nos Tabuleiros Costeiros.